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Concept 3 - Balance & Coordination Fundamentals

This concept focuses on developing core stability, vestibular processing, and whole-body coordination using Pedalo balance elements. It is designed to build confidence in physical movement and improve postural control—foundational skills for all physical activity and classroom learning.


Pedalo Classic

Use: Standing on a wheeled balance device, shifting weight side-to-side to move forward or backward.
Why This Equipment: The Pedalo requires continuous weight transfer while maintaining upright posture. Unlike walking, where one foot is always grounded, the Pedalo creates a dynamic base that challenges the vestibular system constantly. Children learn that smooth, controlled movements create speed—rushing causes wobble and loss of control. Benefit: Improves ankle stability, gait coordination, trunk stability, and anticipatory movement control.

Rola-Bola Fun

Use: Balancing on a board positioned on top of a cylindrical roller.
Why This Equipment: The Rola-Bola trains the “hip strategy”—using hip movements to maintain balance when the support surface shifts. This is a fundamental balance skill used in walking on uneven surfaces, sports, and fall prevention. The constant micro-adjustments required strengthen the vestibular system. Benefit: Develops vestibular processing, core reactive balance, and teaches that balance is dynamic (always adjusting).

Balance-Steine (Balance Stones)

Use: Stepping from stone to stone, creating “river crossing” challenges at varying heights and distances.
Why This Equipment: Balance Stones create an unstable surface that challenges foot and ankle strength. Unlike flat floors, stones require children to adapt each step to a slightly different surface. This develops anticipatory balance—preparing for the next step before taking it. Benefit: Builds equilibrium, foot strength, careful weight transfer, and spatial planning.

Stelzen (Stilts)

Use: Walking elevated on adjustable wooden stilts with foot platforms and hand holds.
Why This Equipment: Stilts change the child’s relationship to gravity and perspective. Walking at height requires rhythmic weight shifting and builds confidence through managed risk. The adjustable height allows progressive challenge as skills develop. Benefit: Builds courage, balance, rhythm, and confidence in physical abilities.


PhaseTimeActivityPrimary Focus
Warm-up8 minThe Penguin WalkAnkle activation & balance preparation
Main Phase27 minBalance Circuit (4 stations)Static & dynamic balance development
Cool-down10 minThe Statue GameBalance holds & relaxation

  1. Warm-up: The Penguin Walk (8 min)

    Setup: Clear open space. Children spread out at arm’s length distance.

    Activity:

    • Children imagine they are penguins on ice, walking carefully
    • Movement 1: Walk with knees slightly bent, feeling weight transfer side to side
    • Movement 2: On signal “Iceberg!” — freeze on one leg, hold for 5 seconds
    • Movement 3: Walk heel-to-toe on an imaginary tightrope (arms out for balance)
    • Movement 4: Take giant steps (slow, controlled) then tiny steps (quick, precise)
    • Movement 5: Walk backward carefully, checking behind before each step

    Methodology: This warm-up activates the ankle joints and vestibular system in preparation for balance work. The freeze challenges require rapid stability organization—finding balance quickly rather than gradually.

    Key Cues:

    • “Soft knees” (not locked)
    • “Eyes on the horizon” (not looking down)
    • “Feel your weight spread across your whole foot”
  2. Main Part: Balance Circuit (27 min)

    Set up four stations. Children rotate every 6-7 minutes. Each station has a clear progression.

    Setup: Pedalo Classic with 10-meter clear path marked by cones.

    Progression:

    LevelTaskSuccess Criteria
    1Mount with wall support, find balance pointStand for 10 seconds without stepping off
    2Travel forward 5 metersComplete without stepping off
    3Travel forward 10 metersComplete in under 30 seconds
    4Try backward movementTravel 3 meters backward

    Teaching Points:

    • Start with weight centered, not leaning forward
    • Smooth weight transfer—no jerky movements
    • Look ahead, not down at feet

    Why This Works: The Pedalo teaches that controlled movement is faster than rushed movement—a life lesson beyond balance.

  3. Cool-down: The Statue Game (10 min)

    Setup: Children spread out. Play music if available.

    Activity:

    • Children move freely around the space (walking, skipping, hopping)
    • When music stops (or teacher calls “Freeze!”), children must:
      • Stop immediately
      • Strike a balance pose
      • Hold the pose for 5-10 seconds

    Balance Poses to Call:

    • “Flamingo!” — stand on one leg
    • “Tree!” — one leg with hands overhead like branches
    • “Warrior!” — wide lunge position
    • “Airplane!” — one leg back, arms out, leaning forward
    • “Star!” — balance on one leg, other leg and arms out to sides

    Final Relaxation:

    • Everyone lies on the floor on their backs
    • Feel the floor supporting the whole body
    • Notice which muscles feel tired or worked
    • Three deep breaths together

    Closing: Each child shares one balance challenge they want to practice more.


EquipmentEasier VariationHarder Variation
Pedalo ClassicHold spotter’s hand; use wall for support; shorter distanceClose eyes for 3 seconds while moving; try backward; race against time
Rola-BolaUse wedge under board to limit roll; spotter holds hands; wider rollerClose eyes; add squats; catch bean bag while balancing; narrower roller
Balance StonesPlace stones closer together; lower height; allow touching floor betweenIncrease distance between stones; add height variation; carry objects; try backward
StiltsLower height; use parallel bars for support; shorter distanceRaise height; navigate slalom; step over obstacles; try without hand holds

For Children with Balance Difficulties:

  • Allow more time at each station
  • Provide physical support (hand-holding) initially
  • Use equipment near walls for security
  • Celebrate small improvements

For Advanced Children:

  • Combine stations (cross stones, then immediately mount Pedalo)
  • Add cognitive challenges (count backward while balancing)
  • Create sequences to teach others

Equipment Safety

  • All Equipment: Inspect before use; check for loose parts, cracks, or damage
  • Pedalo: Ensure wheels roll freely; check non-slip surface
  • Rola-Bola: Check roller is centered; ensure board is not cracked
  • Stilts: Verify height adjustment is secure; check foot platforms
  • Balance Stones: Ensure stones are stable and won’t tip

Environment Safety

  • Clear all obstacles from balance areas
  • Place mats around Rola-Bola stations
  • Ensure adequate lighting
  • Non-slip flooring or bare feet (no socks only)
  • Define “fall zones” around each station

Teaching Safety

  • Teach “step off, don’t fight it” for all balance equipment
  • Demonstrate proper mounting/dismounting
  • Establish “freeze” signal for immediate stops
  • Station adult or trained peer spotters at challenging stations
  • Never force a child to try something they’re scared of

CategoryValueExplanation
Physical EffortModerate - HighSignificant balance and coordination demands
Social FormIndividual with group rotationChildren work independently but rotate together
Cognitive LoadModerateFocus on body awareness and motor planning
Prep Time10 MinutesEquipment setup and safety check
Space RequiredGymnasium or large cleared spaceMultiple stations need significant space

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

DomainObjective
MotorDemonstrate improved static balance (holding positions) and dynamic balance (moving while stable)
MotorShow understanding of weight transfer and core engagement for stability
CognitiveExplain why “smooth” movements create better balance than rushed movements
ConfidenceExhibit willingness to try challenging balance tasks
SocialSupport peers by spotting and encouraging
MetacognitiveIdentify personal balance strengths and challenges

Quantitative Assessment

  • Time held on Rola-Bola (seconds)
  • Distance traveled on Pedalo without stepping off
  • Number of stones crossed without touching floor
  • Successful completion of stilt course

Qualitative Assessment

  • Quality of movement (smooth vs. jerky)
  • Recovery from wobbles (can they regain balance?)
  • Confidence approaching equipment
  • Use of arms for counterbalance
  • Eye gaze direction (looking ahead vs. down)

Self-Assessment

  • “Which station was hardest for you? Why?”
  • “What did you do to improve your balance?”
  • “What would you tell a beginner about balancing?“

This lesson follows a deliberate progression:

WARM-UP (Preparation) → SKILL PRACTICE (Development) → APPLICATION (Statue Game) → REFLECTION (Integration)

Key Teaching Principles:

  1. Prepare the body: Ankles and vestibular system need activation before challenge
  2. Progressive difficulty: Each station has multiple levels
  3. Immediate feedback: Balance equipment provides instant success/failure information
  4. Transfer to life: Balance skills apply to all physical activity

Balance development directly supports academic success:

Balance SkillAcademic Connection
Postural controlSitting upright at desk without fatigue
Core stabilityWriting endurance; maintaining position
Vestibular processingVisual tracking for reading; copying from board
Weight shiftingPaper positioning; reaching across desk
Motor planningOrganizing materials; sequential tasks
ConfidenceWillingness to try new challenges

Classroom Integration Ideas:

  • “Balance breaks” — stand on one leg while reciting times tables
  • Desk posture checks using core engagement learned in balance
  • Walking heel-to-toe in hallway as “tightrope walkers”

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